Diazepam Prodes is used for the management of anxiety disorders or for the shortterm relief of the symptoms of anxiety. Anxiety or tension associated with the stress of everyday life usually does not require treatment with an anxiolytic. In acute alcohol withdrawal, Diazepam Prodes may be useful in the symptomatic relief of acute agitation, tremor, impending or acute delirium tremens and hallucinosis.
Diazepam Prodes is a useful adjunct for the relief of skeletal muscle spasm due to reflex spasm to local pathology (such as inflammation of the muscles or joints, or secondary to trauma), spasticity caused by upper motor neuron disorders (such as cerebral palsy and paraplegia), athetosis, and stiff-man syndrome.
Oral Diazepam Prodes may be used adjunctively in convulsive disorders, although it has not proved useful as the sole therapy.
The effectiveness of Diazepam Prodes in long-term use, that is, more than 4 months, has not been assessed by systematic clinical studies. The physician should periodically reassess the usefulness of the drug for the individual patient.
Diazepam Prodes is also used to associated treatment for these conditions: Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome, Anxiety, Anxiety Disorders, Refractory Epilepsy, Intermittent distinct from a patient’s usual seizure pattern, stereotypic episode Epileptic seizure, Refractory seizure disorders, Skeletal muscle spasm, Sedation, Perioperative management therapy.
Diazepam Prodes is a benzodiazepine tranquilliser with anticonvulsant, sedative, muscle relaxant and amnesic properties .
Benzodiazepines, such as diazepam, bind to receptors in various regions of the brain and spinal cord. This binding increases the inhibitory effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) . GABAs functions include CNS involvement in sleep induction. Also involved in the control of hypnosis, memory, anxiety, epilepsy and neuronal excitability .
Diazepam Prodes dosage
Dosage should be individualized for maximum beneficial effect. While the usual daily dosages given below will meet the needs of most patients, there will be some who may require higher doses. In such cases dosage should be increased cautiously to avoid adverse effects.
Management of Anxiety Disorders and Relief of Symptoms of Anxiety: Depending upon severity of symptoms 2 mg to 10 mg, 2 to 4 times daily
Symptomatic Relief in Acute Alcohol Withdrawal: 10 mg, 3 or 4 times during the first 24 hours, reducing to 5 mg, 3 or 4 times daily as needed
Adjunctively for Relief of Skeletal Muscle Spasm: 2 mg to 10 mg, 3 or 4 times daily
Adjunctively in Convulsive Disorders: 2 mg to 10 mg, 2 to 4 times daily
Geriatric Patients, or in the presence of debilitating disease: 2 mg to 2.5 mg, 1 or 2 times daily initially; increase gradually as needed and tolerated
Because of varied responses to CNS-acting drugs, initiate therapy with lowest dose and increase as required. Not for use in pediatric patients under 6 months: 1 mg to 2.5 mg, 3 or 4 times daily initially; increase gradually as needed and tolerated
Drowsiness and light headedness the next day; confusion and ataxia (specially in the elderly); amnesia may occur; dependence; paradoxical increase in aggression; occasionally headache, vertigo, hypotension, gastrointestinal disturbances, visual disturbances, dysarthria, tremor, changes in libido, incontinence, urinary retention, blood disorders and jaundice reported.
The symptoms of diazepam overdose are mainly an intensification of the therapeutic effects (ataxia, drowsiness, dysarthria, sedation, muscle weakness, profound sleep, hypotension, bradycardia, nystagmus) or paradoxical excitation . In most cases only observation of vital functions is required .
Extreme overdosage may lead to coma, areflexia, cardio-respiratory depression and apnoea, requiring appropriate countermeasures (ventilation, cardiovascular support) .
Benzodiazepine respiratory depressant effects are more serious in patients with severe chronic obstructive airways disease . Severe effects in overdose also include rhabdomyolysis and hypothermia . Overdose of benzodiazepines in combination with other CNS depressants (including alcohol) may be fatal and should be closely monitored .
In general, the use of diazepam in women of childbearing potential, and more specifically during known pregnancy, should be considered only when the clinical situation warrants the risk to the fetus . The possibility that a woman of childbearing potential may be pregnant at the time of institution of therapy should be considered . If this drug is used during pregnancy, or if the patient becomes pregnant while taking this drug, the patient should be apprised of the potential hazard to the fetus . Patients should also be advised that if they become pregnant during therapy or intend to become pregnant they should communicate with their physician about the desirability of discontinuing the drug .
Special care must be taken when diazepam is used during labor and delivery, as high single doses may produce irregularities in the fetal heart rate and hypotonia, poor sucking, hypothermia, and moderate respiratory depression in the neonates . With newborn infants it must be remembered that the enzyme system involved in the breakdown of the drug is not yet fully developed (especially in premature infants) .
Diazepam Prodes passes into breast milk . Breastfeeding is therefore not recommended in patients receiving diazepam .
Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients below the age of 6 months have not been established .
In elderly patients, it is recommended that the dosage be limited to the smallest effective amount to preclude the development of ataxia or oversedation (2 mg to 2.5 mg once or twice daily, initially to be increased gradually as needed and tolerated) . Extensive accumulation of diazepam and its major metabolite, desmethyldiazepam, has been noted following chronic administration of diazepam in healthy elderly male subjects. Metabolites of this drug are known to be substantially excreted by the kidney, and the risk of toxic reactions may be greater in patients with impaired renal function . Because elderly patients are more likely to have decreased renal function, care should be taken in dose selection, and it may be useful to monitor renal function .
Decreases in clearance and protein binding, and increases in volume of distribution and half-life has been reported in patients with cirrhosis . In such patients, a 2- to 5- fold increase in mean half-life has been reported . Delayed elimination has also been reported for the active metabolite desmethyldiazepam . Benzodiazepines are commonly implicated in hepatic encephalopathy . Increases in half-life have also been reported in hepatic fibrosis and in both acute and chronic hepatitis .
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Diazepam Prodes is commonly used to treat a range of conditions,
including anxiety, seizures, alcohol withdrawal syndrome, benzodiazepine
withdrawal syndrome, muscle spasms, insomnia, and restless legs
syndrome. It's used to treat anxiety, muscle spasms and fits (seizures).
It's also used in hospital to reduce alcohol withdrawal symptoms, such
as sweating or difficulty sleeping.
Diazepam Prodes has a risk for abuse and addiction, which can lead to
overdose and death. Taking this, to lower your risk, your doctor should
have you take the smallest dose of Diazepam Prodes that works, and take
it for the shortest possible time.
Diazepam Prodes works by increasing the levels of a calming chemical in your brain.
Common side effects of
Diazepam
Prodes is safe to take Diazepam Prodes during pregnancy but not during
lactation because it can cause lethargy, sedation, and weight loss in
infants.
Small amounts of Diazepam Prodes are expected to enter the breast milk.
However, Diazepam Prodes stays in the body longer than some other
benzodiazepines do. If you use Diazepam Prodes regularly while
breastfeeding there is a chance it could build up in the baby's system
and cause sleepiness or affect your child's weight gain.
Diazepam Prodes and alcohol are both central nervous system
depressants. Therefore, the effects of mixing Diazepam Prodes and
alcohol can be unpleasant and life-threatening.
If you take Diazepam Prodes and feel sleepy, do not drive or use tools
or machines. Do not drink alcohol while taking Diazepam Prodes.
If you are taking Diazepam Prodes to help you sleep, you should take it just before bedtime.
Take Diazepam Prodes tablets or liquid with a drink of water. You can take them with or without food.
You'll usually take your Diazepam Prodes 1 to 3 times a day.
Diazepam Prodes starts to work very quickly in your body, and you should get calming effects within two hours of taking it.
It is usual
to take Diazepam Prodes for no longer than 2 to 4 weeks. If you're
prescribed Diazepam Prodes for more than 4 weeks, your dose may be
reduced gradually when coming off it to prevent withdrawal symptoms.
Long-term use of Diazepam Prodes can lead to chemical dependency and, eventually, to severe addiction.
You should not use this medicine if you are allergic to Diazepam Prodes
or similar medicines, or if you have myasthenia gravis, severe liver
disease, narrow-angle glaucoma, a severe breathing problem, or sleep
apnea.
Take the medicine as soon as you can, but skip the missed dose if it is
almost time for your next dose. Do not take two doses at one time.
Overdose symptoms may include extreme drowsiness, loss of balance or
coordination, limp or weak muscles, slow breathing, or coma. If you
think you or someone else may have overdosed on: Diazepam Prodes, call
your doctor or the Poison Control center
Diazepam Prodes produced no change in baroreceptor sensitivity;
however, there was a significant rise in heart rate and a significant
fall in aortic systolic and left ventricular end-diastolic pressures.
Cardiac index was unchanged, whereas stroke volume fell significantly.
Diazepam Prodes is removed from your body by your kidneys. If you have
kidney problems, more of the Diazepam Prodes may stay in your body for
longer, putting you at risk for side effects.
